{"id":704,"date":"2014-06-09T18:46:21","date_gmt":"2014-06-09T18:46:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/thatwhitepaperguy.com\/?p=704"},"modified":"2021-02-01T11:47:45","modified_gmt":"2021-02-01T16:47:45","slug":"footnotes-or-endnotes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/thatwhitepaperguy.com\/footnotes-or-endnotes\/","title":{"rendered":"Footnotes or endnotes in a white paper?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>You gathered a ton of evidence for your white paper.<\/h2>\n<h3>Now how are you going to present it?<\/h3>\n<p>You have three possible ways to provide a source in a white paper:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>a footnote at the bottom of the page<\/li>\n<li>an endnote at the end of the document<\/li>\n<li>a citation within the regular flow of the text<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Naturally, each approach has its own strengths and drawbacks, as summed up in the table below.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-15\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-15\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1 odd\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Type<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Pros<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Cons<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Footnotes<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Give a more academic look and highlight your research<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Interrupt the flow by directing your eyes away from the text<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3 odd\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Endnotes<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Don't distract readers<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Bury your research at the end where few readers see it<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4 even\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">In-text citations<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Don't distract readers since sources are integrated with the text like in a magazine story<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Add extra words and can sound clumsy or forced if not done expertly<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-15 from cache -->\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>So which format do you use when?<\/h3>\n<p>Here are my recommendations:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Use footnotes<\/strong>\u00a0if you have strong research from sources you want to highlight and an audience used to somewhat more formal white papers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Use endnotes\u00a0<\/strong>if you have weaker sources or so many that you don&#8217;t want to distract readers from the flow of your argument.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Use in-text citations<\/strong>\u00a0if you have only a few sources and don&#8217;t think your readers want to look at references.<\/p>\n<p>What if you just can&#8217;t decide? In that case, choose the least intrusive approach:\u00a0<strong>endnotes.<\/strong><\/p>\n<div align=\"left\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/thatwhitepaperguy.com\/images\/footnotes-or-endnotes.png\" alt=\"Footnotes or Endnotes?\" width=\"400\" \/><\/div>\n<h3>The immediacy of footnotes<\/h3>\n<p>In a white paper, most footnotes give the source for a quote, fact, or number in the text.<\/p>\n<p>You seldom see running commentary on the text, as in a textbook or academic journal.<\/p>\n<p>Footnotes work well in the most research-based flavor of white paper, the problem\/solution.<\/p>\n<p>They&#8217;re somewhat useful for a backgrounder with any endorsements from third parties about the benefits of the offering being discussed.<\/p>\n<p>But footnotes are not at all useful for a numbered list, where the emphasis is on provocative ideas, not scholarship.<\/p>\n<h3>The finality of endnotes<\/h3>\n<p>Since endnotes are gathered together at the end of a white paper, they&#8217;re much less evident than bottom-of-the-page footnotes.<\/p>\n<p>Because endnotes are less intrusive, they also hide away much of the research that went into a white paper.<\/p>\n<p>Few readers ever look at the last page of a white paper to check a reference.<\/p>\n<p>But endnotes can be useful for a white paper:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When you have few sources<\/li>\n<li>When you have so many sources that every page would be cluttered with footnotes<\/li>\n<li>When the offering being discussed is so affordable or essential that B2B buyers will not study it for long<\/li>\n<li>When the audience is mainly small to medium-sized business people, who may not have time to check sources<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And whenever it&#8217;s a tossup between different approaches, I suggest endnotes.<\/p>\n<p>You can let Word place all your endnotes on the very last page of your white paper, under a major heading like &#8220;References&#8221; or &#8220;Sources.&#8221;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>Tip<\/strong>: Yes, you can get rid of that annoying thick bar that Word inserts at the top of your endnotes. Here&#8217;s how:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>On the View tab, select Draft.<\/li>\n<li>On the References tab, select Show Notes.<\/li>\n<li>From the pull-down menu at the top of the Endnotes pane, select Endnote Separator.<\/li>\n<li>Select the horizontal rule and click Delete to erase it.<\/li>\n<li>Then use the View tab to go back to the view you normally use.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Presto! One less annoying rule getting in your way.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>The tidiness of in-text citations<\/h3>\n<p>Magazines and newspapers don&#8217;t use footnotes. Every quote and statistic is sourced with an in-text reference, something like this&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;Footnotes and endnotes are soooo old-fashioned,&#8221; declared copywriter Ima Writer in her April 2013 column in\u00a0<em>White Papers Today<\/em>. &#8220;All the cool kids today are using in-text citations.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>See how smooth this can be?<\/p>\n<p>For more examples, you can pick up any magazine to see just how journalists do it.<\/p>\n<p>The nice thing about in-text citations is they&#8217;re so tidy.<\/p>\n<p>You don&#8217;t have to look anywhere else on the page or in the document. The whole reference is in one spot.<\/p>\n<p>The only downside is that these citations add more words. And if you&#8217;re not careful, they can lead to some clunky-sounding sentences.<\/p>\n<p>But in-text citations can deliver the best of both worlds.<\/p>\n<p>Like a footnote, the whole reference is on the same page\u2014but like an endnote, it doesn&#8217;t disrupt your reading experience.<\/p>\n<p>This approach may be better for a backgrounder or numbered list, where you&#8217;re not trying to showcase your research.<\/p>\n<p>In a problem\/solution flavor, you may still prefer to use footnotes to highlight all the research that went into your white paper.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>This article is a brief excerpt from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/1118496922\/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=9325&amp;creativeASIN=1118496922&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=thwhpagu-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>White Papers for Dummies<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0by Gordon Graham.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>With dozens of tips and best practices for planning, producing, and promoting effective white papers,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/1118496922\/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=9325&amp;creativeASIN=1118496922&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=thwhpagu-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><strong>White Papers for Dummies<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0is the most comprehensive guide to white papers ever published.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/1118496922\/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=9325&amp;creativeASIN=1118496922&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=thwhpagu-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/thatwhitepaperguy.com\/images\/white-papers-for-dummies-book-cover.png\" alt=\"Book cover for White Papers for Dummies\" width=\"125\" border=\"0\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.amazon.com\/gp\/product\/1118496922\/ref=as_li_tf_tl?ie=UTF8&amp;camp=1789&amp;creative=9325&amp;creativeASIN=1118496922&amp;linkCode=as2&amp;tag=thwhpagu-20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Click here<br \/>\nto order<br \/>\n<strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">White Papers<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n<strong> <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">For Dummies<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\ntoday!<\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>Want to hear whenever there\u2019s a fresh article on this site? <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/thatwhitepaperguy.com\/subscribe\/\"><em>Subscribe here to stay in the know on long-form content<\/em><\/a><em>. From time to time, we\u2019ll also send you word about some great new resource or training. And you can unsubscribe any time. \u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You gathered a ton of evidence for your white paper. Now how are you going to present it? You have three possible ways to provide a source in a white paper: a footnote at the bottom of the page an endnote at the end of the document a citation within the regular flow of the&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9011,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,10],"tags":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Footnotes or endnotes in a white paper? - That White Paper Guy<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/thatwhitepaperguy.com\/footnotes-or-endnotes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Footnotes or endnotes in a white paper? - That White Paper Guy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"You gathered a ton of evidence for your white paper. 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